covid-19

Impacts of the COVID-19 on all aircraft emissions of international routes in South America

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on South America’s economic development, as well as its international civil aviation industry. This paper seeks to calculate the emissions of six pollutions (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5) from the international routes in South America during 2019–2021 and discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on the emission change. The modified BFFM2-FOA-FPM method is proposed to unify the CO2 and non-CO2 calculations. The calculated results' average error rate is about 5.12%. The results showed that COVID-19 affected all emissions, including the number of routes, average flight distance, aircraft configuration, the proportion of CCD phase emissions, average emissions, etc. In addition, some airlines increased the number of flights and aircraft types during the pandemic, increasing emissions. The results give a reasonable data basis for the aviation industry in South America to formulate emission reduction policies.

Exploring the effect of COVID-19 on airline environmental efficiency through an interval epsilon-based measure model

COVID-19 has dealt an unprecedented blow to the aviation industry since 2020. This paper applies the interval epsilon-based measure (IEBM) model to evaluate the optimal quarterly environmental efficiency of 14 global airlines of passenger and cargo subsystems during 2018–2020. Then, the time series prediction method is applied to forecast the interval data of inputs and outputs from 2021 to 2022. Finally, we can calculate the quarterly efficiency. Thus, the future development trends of airlines can be predicted. The results show that (1) COVID-19 has hit the passenger subsystem harder, while the freight subsystem has become more efficient; (2) the efficiency of the freight subsystem has inevitably declined in the post-epidemic era; and (3) therefore, the airlines will have a “√” shaped recovery curve in the next few years.